Elisha, S. (2023). Cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and anesthesia management. In S. Elisha, J. S. Heiner, & J. J. Nagelhout (Eds.), Nurse anesthesia (7th ed., pp. 477-515). Elsevier.
Bonanno, L. S. (2023). Neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuroanesthesia. In S. Elisha, J. S. Heiner, & J. J. Nagelhout (Eds.), Nurse anesthesia (7th ed., pp. 704-741). Elsevier.
Mean arterial pressure is MAP = DBP + 1/3(SBP - DBP), or (SBP + 2 x DBP) / 3; minimum MAP for organ perfusion is generally 60 to 65 mmHg and normal is 70 to 105 mmHg (Elisha, 2023, p. 480). Cardiac output is HR x SV, normal 4 to 8 L/min. Cardiac index is CO / body surface area, normal 2.5 to 4.0 L/min/m2 (Elisha, 2023, p. 480).
SVR = [(MAP - right atrial pressure) / CO] x 80, a gross estimate of left ventricular afterload used to guide vasopressor or vasodilator therapy (Kossick & Seale, 2023, p. 307). Normal SVR is 800 to 1200 dynes-sec/cm5 (Elisha, 2023, p. 480).
Elisha, S. (2023). Cardiovascular anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, and anesthesia management. In Elisha, Heiner, & Nagelhout (Eds.), Nurse anesthesia (7th ed., pp. 477-515). Elsevier.